Wātaka - He Wātaka Mō Te Tiriti 1950-1999

Ka whakaurua mai e te Kāwanatanga tētahi kaupapa hei tō i ngā whenua Māori kore hua kia whakamahia mō te ahuwhenua, i raro i te Ture mō ngā Take Māori. Ahakoa ko wai te tangata, me i waitohutia e ia ki te Kōti Whenua Māori (i whakarērea te ingoa o te Native Land Court i te tau 1947) tērā ētahi whenua kāore i te whakamahia, ka taea i reira te tono kia taka ki raro i te maru o ētahi kaitiaki. I raro i tēnei ture, i whakawāteatia te huarahi mō ētahi tikanga whakahaere, pēnei i ngā rōpū kaitiaki. Ka noho koia te ture matua mō te whakahaere i ngā whenua Māori mō te 40 tau.

I tēnei tau ka peka atu a Kuini Irihāpeti II ki Waitangi. He tuatahi tēnei, arā, kātahi anō tētahi kuini, kīngi rānei o Ingarangi ka haere ki Waitangi.

1962 Ka whakatūria te Kaunihera MĀori

Turi Carroll, founding president of the NZ Māori Council.

Turi (Alfred Thomas) Carroll, perehitene tuatahi o te Kaunihera Māori o Aotearoa.

Image: ATL 1/2-040109
Crown Copyright: National Publicity Studios Collection, Archives New Zealand
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I whakatūria tēnei kaunihera matua hei taumata mō ngā mana whakahaere, tīmata mai i ngā kaunihera kāinga me ngā kaunihera Māori ā-rohe kua tīmata i te tau 1900. I whakahoutia anō tēnei whakapaparanga kaunihera i raro i te Ture e kīia nei te Ture Whakapiki Pāpori, Ohaoha i te Iwi Māori o te tau 1945. I runga i te heke nui o ngāi Māori i te wā kāinga ki ngā tāone noho ai, ka heke te kaha o ngā rōpū o te wā kāinga, me te piki haere o te mana o te Kaunihera Māori o Aotearoa.

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1967 NgĀ WhakahĒ mŌ te Ture Menamena i ngĀ Take MĀori

Josiah Ralph Hanan, author of the Maori Affairs Amendment Act, in around 1946.

Josiah Ralph Hanan, kaituhi o te Ture Menamena i ngā Take Māori, ca 1946.

Image: ATL 1/2-127024-F
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Ka matapopore hoki te iwi Māori i te rironga tonutanga o ngā whenua, i raro i ngā ture whakaiti i a rātou. Kāore a tauiwi i mārama ki ngā tini hē o ngā ture mai i te tau 1862, i pōraru ai te whanaketanga o ngā whenua Māori e te hunga nō rātou te whenua. I raro i te Ture Menamena o te tau 1967 ka tīmata te hurihanga o ngā whenua "herekore Māori”, he iti iho i te tokowhā ngā kaipupuru, kia "whenua whānui”. Ka whakapikia hoki te mana o te Kaitiaki Māori ki te hoko mai, ki te hoko atu rānei i ngā "pānga huakore" ki te whenua Māori. I muri i te Ture Menamena ka piki ngā āwangawanga o te iwi Māori, tērā e kaha ake te ngaro o ngā maramara whenua i te toe i taua wā. Ka pakaru mai ngā whakahē a ngā rōpū pēnei i te Kaunihera Māori o Aotearoa, i te rōpū Māori o ngā Pūkenga Whare Wānanga, ngā hīkoi whakahē i ngā tiriti, me ētahi hui whakaputa riri puta noa i te motu. I whakahoutia te ture i te tau 1974, ā, ka tīmata i reira ngā mahi tuhituhi i tētahi ture hou.

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1974 Te RĀ o Waitangi

Prime Minister Norman Kirk, who announced that from 1974 onwards, 6 February would be a national holiday.

Norman Kirk, ca 1971. Nō te tau 1974, i a Kirk e pirīmia ana, ka pānuitia e ia ka meatia te Rā o Waitangi hei rā whakatā o te motu.

Image: ATL 35mm-18291-19
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He hararei te Rā o Waitangi mai i te tau 1963 mō Tāmaki me Te Tai Tokerau anake (hei whakakapi mō te hararei mō te huritau o te porowini). Ka hāpainga e ngā rōpū whakahē o te iwi Māori ngā kaupapa kua roa e kawea ana e ngā mōrehu o te hāhi Rātana i konei, kia whakamanaia te Tiriti, arā, kia āta whakaaetia i roto i ngā ture. I te tau 1974, e toru tau i muri i ngā tutūnga puehu nui a Ngā Tamatoa i Waitangi, ka noho ko te 6 o Pepuere hei hararei ā-motu, ā, ka tae atu te Kuini o Ingarangi ki tōna rā whakanui tuatahi i te rā o Waitangi. I whakaingoatia kētia ko New Zealand Day mō te rua tau.

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1975 Te hĪkoi a Te Matakite mŌ te whenua

Whina Cooper addresses a crowd during the 1975 Māori land march.

a Whina Cooper e kōrero ana ki te whakaminenga i te hīkoi a Te Matakite mō te whenua te take, i te tau 1975.

Image: ATL PA7-15-18
Copyright Christian Heinegg
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Mai i 14 o Hepetema, ka hīkoi mai te rōpū Matakite i raro i a Whina Cooper i Te Reinga, i Te Hiku o Te Ika, ki Te Upoko o Te Ika, hei whakamōhio i te ao mō ngā riri mō te rironga atu o te whenua Māori, i ngā ringaringa o te Karauna. E 25 ngā tūranga i te huarahi, ka piri mai ētahi atu kaitautoko, ā, tae rawa atu te hīkoi ki Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara i te 13 o Oketopa. E 5,000 ngā tāngata i hīkoi ki runga i te marae o te Whare Pāremata, me tā rātou pitihana e 60,000 ngā hainatanga. Kia tae ki te turakitanga o te “puni tēneti” e rua marama i muri mai, kua piki te mārama o te iwi whānui ki ngā āwangawanga o te iwi Māori. Ka whakamanaia e te kāwanatanga āna ture tuatahi ko te Tiriti kei roto, i runga i ngā ākinga a te hīkoi me ētahi atu reo karanga mō te tika. Hāunga tēnei, tērā ētahi āhuatanga whāiti o te Tiriti i ngā ture mai o ngā tau 1860.

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1975 Ka whakatūria te RŌpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi

Te waitohu o te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi.

Image: Waitangu Tribunal

Ka whakatūria i raro i te Ture mō te Tiriti o Waitangi tētahi taraipiunara, e kīia nei ko te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, hei komihana whakarongo tūturu ki ngā take a te iwi Māori ki te Karauna. Engari i whakawhāititia tōna mana ki ngā take mai i te urunga mai o te Ture i te tau 1975. Ko te mana i wehea ki te Rōpū, he mana whakatakoto kitenga, he mana tohutohu kau, kāore i āhei te whakaputa whakatau me mātua whakatinana e te Karauna. E rua tau i muri mai ka tīmata te whakarongo a te Rōpū i ngā take, engari i te whāiti o aua here, he torutoru noa ngā kerēme i wherawherahia.

1977 Te noho ki Takaparawhau

Takaparawhau, 25 Haratua 1978.

Ka whakaeke ngā kaiwhakahē Māori ki runga o Takaparawhau i te marama o Hānuere 1977.

Ka puta tēnei i muri i te whakapuaki a te Kāwanatanga tērā e hangaia ētahi whare whakapaipai i te rāhui tawhito o Ngāti Whātua, i runga ake i Waitematā. I roto i ngā tau, ko tēnei rāhui, i kīia rā i mua “e kore e taea te tango”, kua tino heke te rahi, nā ngā hoko i raro i te whakahau a te ture. Iti iho i te kotahi heketea i te noho tonu i ngā ringa o Ngāti Whātua o Ōrākei. I muri i ngā rā e 506, ka peia atu te hunga whakahē e ngā pirihimana (i te marama o Mei 1978), ā, mai i taua wā ko Takaparawhau tētahi tino ingoa mō te whawhai mō ngā whāinga tika Māori ki te whenua. E toru tau i muri mai ka puta te pikitia Bastion Point – Day 507. Mai i taua wā, i runga i ngā tohutohu a te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti, kua whakahokia atu te nuinga o ngā whenua ki a Ngāti Whātua.
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1981 Te whakahĒ i te Papa HaupŌro o Raglan

Eva Rickard on the old Raglan Golf Course.

a Eva Rickard i ngā whenua i reira te Papa Haupōro o Raglan.

Photo: Yanse Martin
Copyright: New Zealand Herald
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I muri i ngā tautohetohe me ngā whakahē, i roto i ngā tau roa, ka whakahokia ki te iwi o Tainui Awhiro ngā whenua i Whāingaroa i tangohia i te Pakanga Tuarua hei tauranga waka rererangi. Kāore i whakahokia ki te hunga nō rātou te whenua i muri i tōna whakamahinga mō ngā mahi tūmatanui. I hurihia tētahi wāhi hei papa haupōro i te tau 1969. Ka tīmata i konei ngā mahi whakahē a Eva Rickard i ngā tau 1970.

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1985 Ka whakaaetia e te Karauna kia hoki te titiro whakamuri a ngĀ kerĒme ki te tau 1840

Koro Wetere, Minister of Maori Affairs, and David Lange, Prime Minister, at Waitangi in1985.

a Koro Wetere, Minita mō ngā Take Māori, rāua ko David Lange, Pirīmia, i Waitangi i te tau 1985.

Photo: Paul Estcourt
Copyright: New Zealand Herald
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Ka menamenatia te Ture mō te Tiriti o Waitangi. Ka whakaaetia i reira kia hoki rā anō ngā kerēme, arā, kia hoki rawa ana tūhuratanga ki ngā mahi me ngā hapa o te Karauna mai i te tau 1840 i whakapaetia i takahi i ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti o Waitangi. Tērā anō hoki ngā tukunga iho o te hoki ki te tau 1840 kāore ngā tohunga tuhi ture i matakite. Ko tētahi ko te whakatuwhera i te tatau ki ngā mahi tuatahi o te whakaarahanga o tētahi mana hou ki Aotearoa, me ana mahi katoa. Kua kitea he mahi nui, he mahi taumaha hoki te rangahau i ngā kerēme, i runga i te iti o ngā mahi kua oti kē i ngā karu hītori, me te hōhonu o ngā mahi e tika ana kia mahia. I ngā mahi whakatakoto kerēme ki te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, me ngā whiriwhiri rapu rongoā ki te Karauna, kua uru mai ngā rōia tokomaha me te tini o ngā kaitohutohu e tika ana, ahakoa mō te Karauna, ahakoa mō ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakapae.

1985 Whakaputa pūrongo ai te RŌpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi

[Fox, William] 1812-1893: Onehunga. Manakau N.Z. The western part of Auckland N.Z. [ca 1863?]. The Manukau Claim report was issued by the Waitangi Tribunal in 1985.

Te Whanga o Onehunga me Manukau. I puta te pūrongo mō te Kerēme o Manukau i te tau 1985.

Image: ATL no. WC-011
© Image copyright conditions

Ka whakarahia ake te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, ā, whakaputaina ai e ia ngā pūrongo mō ngā kerēme Tiriti nei, i ētahi wā mō tēnā rohe, mō tēnā rohe. Neke atu i te 30 ngā pūrongo kua puta, i roto i ēnei ko te pūrongo mō Ōrākei, te pūrongo mō Te Reo Māori, te pūrongo mō Taranaki: Kaupapa Tuatahi, te pūrongo mō Ngāi Tahu, te pūrongo mō ngā whenua o Muriwhenua, te pūrongo mō te awa o Whanganui, me te pūrongo mō Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara me ōna Takiwā.

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1986 NgĀ mĀtĀpono o te Tiriti i roto i te Ture

The original copy of the Treaty of Waitangi.

Te tānga taketake ake o te Tiriti o Waitangi.

Image: Archives New Zealand IA 9/9
Copyright: Archives New Zealand. Permission of Archives New Zealand must be obtained before any re-use of this image.

Ko te Ture mō ngā Umanga a te Kāwanatanga tētahi ture matua mō te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga o te Tiriti o Waitangi. Mai i tērā wā, neke atu i te 40 ngā ture kua kōrero i ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti (ko ētahi he rerekē ngā aronga i ētahi), i ngā wāhi e whakaaturia ana ngā whāinga o te ture. Mai i ēnei whakaritenga ā-ture kua taea e ngā Kōti te kī mehemea kei te tika te whakatutuki i ngā mātāpono. Kua tupu i reira te mana o te Tiriti i ngā mahi kāwana ā-motu, ā-rohe hoki. Kua kaha ake te mana o te reo Māori, i runga anō i te whakatau a te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi mō te reo.

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1987 He whakatau nui whakaharahara i te kŌti

Robin Cooke, President of the Court of Appeal in 1987, invested in 2002 with the Order of New Zealand, by the Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright.

Robin Cooke, Perehitene o te Kōti Pīra i te tau 1987, e uhia ana e te Kāwana-Tianara, te Kahurangi Silvia Cartright, ki te hōnore te Order of New Zealand, i te tau 2002.

I tētahi whakawānga nui a te Kōti Pīra (Te Kaunihera Māori v Te Rōia Matua o te Kāwanatanga) ka puta te whakatau me aronui te Karauna ki ngā pānga tawhito o te iwi Māori ki ngā rawa tarepa a te Karauna, pēnei i te whenua. I muri tēnei i te wāwāhanga o ngā tari pupuri whenua o mua, me te whakatūranga o ngā umanga hou a te Kāwanatanga, i raro i te Ture mō ngā Umanga a te Kāwanatanga 1986. Ko te whakahau a taua Ture, kia kaua te Karauna e mahi i tētahi mahi "kāore e hāngai ana ki ngā mātāpono o te Tiriti o Waitangi". Ka whakatakotoria e te Kōti i reira ētahi mātāpono i whakatōkia ki roto, i ahu mai rānei, i te Tiriti. Ko te mātāpono matua ko te ‘haere tahitanga’ (te ‘haere kōtui’ ki ētahi), inā hoki, e rua rawa ngā hoa nāna i haina te Tiriti. Ko tētahi atu mātāpono kia noho ko te Karauna, te hoa whai kaha, ki te āta tiaki i ngā whāinga tika me ngā pānga o te iwi Māori.

1990 Te kotahi rau, rima tekau tau o te Tiriti

The re-enactment of the arrival of the Te Arawa canoe, 1990 Photo: Glenn Jeffrey.

Te whakaaritanga o te ūnga mai o Te Arawa waka, i te tau 1990.

Photo: Glenn Jeffrey
Copyright: New Zealand Herald

Kia tae ki te tau 1985, kua whakaitingia te taetae o ngā āpiha teitei ki Waitangi i runga i ngā tutūnga puehu, ā, i te tau 1988, kua whakakorea rawatia atu. Mō te rā whakanui i te kotahi rau, rima tekau tau o te hainatanga o te Tiriti, i hoki atu ngā āpiha teitei ki Waitangi. Ko te titiro a te iwi whānui, i hāngai ki ngā take e pā ana ki ngā tikanga pupuri, ngā tikanga whakahaere hoki i ngā rawa Māori. I arotahi anō ēnei whakanui ki te noho tahitanga o te tangata whenua (te iwi Māori) me ngā “tāngata tiriti” (te iwi Pākehā).

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1992 Ka hainatia Ētahi whakatau i raro i te Tiriti

Prime Minister Jim Bolger and Dame Te Atairangikaahu at the signing of the Tainui settlement, 1995.

a Pirīmia Jim Bolger me te Kahurangi Te Atairangikaahu i te hainatanga o te whakataunga ki a Tainui, 1995.

Photo: Alan Gibson
Copyright: New Zealand Herald

Ka hainatia tētahi whakatau matua i raro i te Tiriti mō ngā tauranga ika. Ka whakatōkia tētahi $170 miriona ki Te Ohu Kai Moana, kia taea ai e ia tētahi 50 ōrau o te kamupene o Sealord Products Ltd te hoko. He kamupene hao ika nui tēnei, i Whakatū. Heoi, i noho anō te tohanga ika hei take tautohetohe i waenganui i te iwi Māori, i ētahi wā i waenganui i ngā iwi o te tuawhenua me ō te takutai, i waenganui i ngā rūnanga o ngā iwi i te wā kāinga, me ngā rūnanga hou o ngā tāone nunui. Kāore anō kia tatū ngā raruraru mō te tohanga nei, tekau tau i muri mai. I hainatia ētahi whakatau nui ki a Tainui i te tau 1995, ki a Ngāi Tahu i te tau 1998. Ko te wāriu o ia whakatau, e whakaarotia ana kei te $170 m.

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1993 Ka whakamanaia te Ture Whenua MĀori

[Taylor, Richard], 1805-1873 :The boundary post placed by the natives at Waiwakai [18]51 ATL: E-296-q-005-3.

Te pou aronui i poua e te Māori ki te whenua i Waiwakai, 1851.

I muri i ngā kōrerorerotanga nui, ka whakamanaia tētahi ture hou mō te whakahaere whenua Māori. I ārahina te nuinga o ngā kōrerorero e te Kaunihera Māori o Aotearoa. I raro i te Ture Whenua Māori kua tino uaua te hoko i ngā toenga whenua Māori. Tētahi atu whāinga o tēnei Ture, he whakatika i te wāwāhanga o ngā taitara ki ngā kaipupuru maha, mā te whakarite tikanga whakatū rōpū kaitiaki hou, e taea ai ngā whenua te whakahaere.

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1995 Ka piki ngĀ whakahē mŌ te whenua me te Tiriti

Maori activists on the Treaty grounds on Waitangi Day, 2000.Photo: Peter Meecham.

Ētahi kaikōkiri take Māori i Waitangi i te Rā o Waitangi, 2000.

Photo: Peter Meecham
Copyright: New Zealand Herald

Ka ara anō ngā whakahē i te takiwā o te tau 1995, ka kitea anō ngā mahi whakahē i tutū anō ai te puehu mō te whenua me te Tiriti. He nui tonu ngā whakahē ki te kaupapa hou a te Kāwanatanga o taua wā, i anga rā ki te here i te rahi o ngā whakatau Tiriti ki te kotahi piriona tāra, i roto i te tekau tau, i kīia rā ko te “kōpaki pūtea”. Ka kitea te whānui me te hōhonu o te ātete o te iwi Māori ki ēnei here i taua wā i ētahi hui huri noa i te whenua. Ko te tino whakahē, he here tēnei i te rahi o te rongoā i mua i te kitenga i te whānuitanga o ngā kerēme. He nui tonu ngā āhuatanga o tēnei kaupapa-here, tae atu ki te kōpaki pūtea, i waiho noa e te Kāwanatanga. Ko ētahi o aua whakahē ko ngā nohonga e rua ki Pākaitore, e mohiotia nei ko Moutoa Gardens, me te kura o Takahue i Te Tai Tokerau (i pau katoa i te ahi). Ko ētahi atu mahi takitahi, whakaputa whakahē nei, ko te tukituki i ngā whakapakoko Wikitōriana, te tukituki i te kapu o Amerika, i te rākau pāina i runga i Maungakiekie, me te kāwhakitanga i tētahi whakaahua nā Colin McCahon, i te Pūtahi Manuhiri i Waikaremoana. I te pikinga o ngā whakahē i te rā o Waitangi, ka nekehia ngā mahi mō te rā o Waitangi ki te whare o te Kāwana-Tianara ki Pōneke.

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1995 Ka whakatūria te Tari Whakatau Take e PĀ ana ki te Tiriti o Waitangi

Doug Graham and Arapeta Tahana signing papers beginning negotiation for the Rotorua Lakes claim, 1999.

a Doug Graham rāua ko Arapeta Tahana e haina pepa ana i te tīmatanga o ngā whiriwhiringa i te kerēme mō ngā Roto o Rotorua, 1999.

Photo: Nicola Topping
Copyright: New Zealand Herald

I whakatūria te Tari Whakatau Take e pā ana ki te Tiriti o Waitangi (OTS), me kī, i whānau mai i te Wāhanga Kaupapa-here mō te Tiriti o Waitangi (TOWPU) o mua atu i a ia. Ko te mahi a OTS, he kawe whakawhitiwhitinga kōrero ki ngā kaiwhakahē Māori ki te kimi rongoā mō ngā hapa i raro i te Tiriti o Waitangi. Ko ngā hapa i raro i te Tiriti me āta wherawhera kia mōhiotia ai ngā kōrero pono, ā, ko tētahi huarahi e taea ai tēnei, ko te tuku kia whakawāngia e te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, engari ehara ko ia anake te huarahi e whakaaetia ana (tirohia ko Te Whakatau i ngā Take e pā ana ki te Tiriti).

Ngā Hono e Hāngai ana

Alexander Turnbull Library

Dictionary of New Zealand Biography

Archives New Zealand

Me mātua whakaae te rangatira me te kaipupuri manatārua i mua i te whakamahinga anō o ētahi whakaahua o te pae tukutuku nei.

Me mātua whakaae te Whare Pukapuka o Alexander Turnbull, Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa, i mua i te whakamahinga anō o ā rātou whakaahua. Kia kitea ai te roanga atu o ngā kōrero mō ngā whakaahua a ATL, whakatakotoria te kiore ki runga ake i ngā whakaahua.